{ "$schema": "./conversation-skills.schema.json", "dataset": "GraphChinese Conversation Skill Graph", "version": "v1", "license": "CC-BY-4.0", "attribution": "GraphChinese, graphchinese.com", "source": "https://graphchinese.com", "hskNote": "hsk is the level of the course topic for a question frame; otherwise the lowest HSK level of an exchange in data/exchanges.json that uses one of the lines; otherwise the highest HSK level among the characters of the easiest line.", "moves": [ { "id": "open", "name": "Open", "description": "Start a conversation with a stranger and earn the next line." }, { "id": "point", "name": "Point", "description": "Refer to a thing you have no word for, so the other person can name it." }, { "id": "name", "name": "Ask the name", "description": "Turn a thing in front of you into a word you can keep." }, { "id": "life", "name": "Ask about their life", "description": "Move from the object to the person with a question they can talk about for minutes." }, { "id": "receipt", "name": "Receipt", "description": "Show that the answer landed, so the speaker keeps going instead of switching to English." }, { "id": "repair", "name": "Repair", "description": "Keep a failed exchange alive and come away with something, without rewinding the whole answer." }, { "id": "chase", "name": "Chase", "description": "Open the next round of the story. One question buys a story, and a story is fifty words with a person attached." }, { "id": "meta", "name": "Fine distinctions", "description": "Past HSK 3: ask how a word is used, by whom, and when, instead of asking for harder words." } ], "counts": { "skills": 99, "dependencies": 110, "skillsByMove": { "open": 7, "point": 10, "name": 18, "life": 13, "receipt": 10, "repair": 16, "chase": 15, "meta": 10 } }, "skills": [ { "id": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "move": "name", "name": "The survival kit", "description": "A handful of lines that turn any patient speaker into a teacher: ask what a thing is, ask what a word means, and say that it landed.", "hsk": 0, "evidence": [ "Asks 这是什么？ about an object without reaching for English", "Asks 什么意思？ right after hearing an unknown word", "Says 听懂了！ when an explanation lands, instead of going quiet" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Hand the learner an object they cannot name. Do they get its Chinese name from you, and its meaning, without either of you using English?", "lines": [ "comment_this_what", "r_what_mean", "comment_point", "rcpt_got_it" ], "topic": "h0_qf_survival_kit" }, { "id": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "move": "receipt", "name": "Keep them talking", "description": "The cheapest fuel in a conversation: small noises of amazement and one-word questions that ask for the rest of the story.", "hsk": 0, "evidence": [ "Says 真的吗？ while the speaker is mid-story", "Pushes the story on with 后来呢？ or 为什么？", "Keeps the speaker going for three turns without understanding every word" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner a short story with a pause in the middle. Do they fill the pause with a reaction or a tiny question?", "lines": [ "f_really", "f_then", "f_why", "f_when" ], "topic": "h0_qf_keep_talking" }, { "id": "cs_frame_ma", "move": "life", "name": "Yes or no with 吗", "description": "Turn any statement into a question by putting 吗 on the end. The simplest way to ask anything about someone.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 您有孩子吗？ with 吗 at the very end", "Never stacks 吗 on a question that already has a question word" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Ask the learner to find out whether you have grandchildren. Do they build the question with 吗 and nothing extra?", "lines": [ "q_children", "q_grandkids", "f_miss_home", "f_hard" ], "topic": "h1_qf_ma" }, { "id": "cs_frame_ne", "move": "chase", "name": "Bounce it back with 你呢", "description": "After answering a question, hand it straight back with 你呢？ so the conversation keeps two people in it.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Answers a question, then asks 你呢？ without repeating the question", "Uses 你呢？ without adding 吗" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Ask the learner where they live. After they answer, do they bounce the question back to you?", "lines": [ "f_and_you" ], "topic": "h1_qf_ne" }, { "id": "cs_frame_shenme", "move": "name", "name": "Ask what with 什么", "description": "Put 什么 where the unknown thing goes. This is the frame behind every ask-the-name line.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个叫什么？ with 什么 in the object seat", "Keeps the statement word order when asking with 什么" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Point at a tool. Does the learner ask what it is called with 什么 in the right place?", "lines": [ "atn_call", "comment_this_what", "atn_tool_name" ], "topic": "h1_qf_shenme" }, { "id": "cs_frame_shei", "move": "life", "name": "Ask who with 谁", "description": "Ask about the people in someone’s life: who is in the photo, who just walked past.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这是谁？ about a person in a photo", "Uses 谁 for people and 什么 for things" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a family photo. Do they ask who someone is?", "lines": [ "q_who_photo", "f_who_is" ], "topic": "h1_qf_shei" }, { "id": "cs_frame_nar", "move": "life", "name": "Ask where with 哪儿", "description": "Ask where someone lives, grew up, or where exactly a thing happened.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你现在住在哪儿？ with 哪儿 after the verb", "Narrows an answer with 具体在哪儿？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention that you grew up somewhere else. Does the learner ask where?", "lines": [ "q_live_where", "q_hometown", "f_where_exactly" ], "topic": "h1_qf_nar" }, { "id": "cs_frame_jiduoshao", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask how many with 几 and 多少", "description": "Ask for a number: how many people in a family, how many of something there are.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 您家里有几个人？ with 几 for a small number", "Asks 有多少？ when the number could be large" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention your family. Does the learner ask how many people are in it?", "lines": [ "q_family_size", "f_how_many" ], "topic": "h1_qf_jiduoshao" }, { "id": "cs_frame_zenme", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask how with 怎么 and 怎么样", "description": "Ask how something is done or how something is. The frame behind both 这个中文怎么说？ and 最近怎么样？", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 最近怎么样？ to a person they have met before", "Asks 您是怎么学的？ about a skill the speaker has" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner something you made. Do they ask how you learned to make it?", "lines": [ "q_how_lately", "f_opinion", "f_how_learn" ], "topic": "h1_qf_zenme" }, { "id": "cs_frame_haishi", "move": "repair", "name": "Offer a choice with 还是", "description": "Give two options and let the speaker pick one. A question anyone can answer, and a repair when you half understood.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你喝茶还是咖啡？ with 还是 between the options", "Narrows a half-heard answer with 你是说这个，还是那个？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner an answer they only half catch. Do they offer you two readings to choose from?", "lines": [ "q_tea_or", "r_offer_two", "r_formal_or_casual" ], "topic": "h1_qf_haishi" }, { "id": "cs_frame_a_not_a", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask directly with A-not-A", "description": "Say the verb yes then no, back to back, to ask a direct question or check your own output.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 我说得对不对？ after saying a new word", "Never adds 吗 to an A-not-A question" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Have the learner repeat a word you taught them. Do they ask you whether they said it right?", "lines": [ "r_did_i_say_right", "r_check_my_writing", "q_here_ana", "r_simpler" ], "topic": "h1_qf_a_not_a" }, { "id": "cs_frame_weishenme", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask why with 为什么", "description": "The one-word question that turns a fact into a reason, and a reason into a story.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 为什么？ after a surprising answer", "Follows the reason with a receipt before asking again" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner you never eat a certain food. Do they ask why?", "lines": [ "f_why" ], "topic": "h2_qf_weishenme" }, { "id": "cs_frame_duojiu", "move": "life", "name": "Ask how long with 多久", "description": "Ask how long someone has lived somewhere or done something. Long answers come back to short questions.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 您在这儿住了多久？ to someone who lives nearby", "Follows a long answer with a question about back then" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention that you live in this neighborhood. Does the learner ask how long?", "lines": [ "q_how_long" ], "topic": "h2_qf_duojiu" }, { "id": "cs_frame_tag", "move": "repair", "name": "Soften and check", "description": "Put a small tag on the end of a statement to check that you understood or to invite a correction.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Restates an answer and adds 对吗？ to check it", "Uses a check instead of saying they do not understand" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Explain a word to the learner. Do they restate it and ask you to confirm?", "lines": [ "r_check_understood", "r_did_i_say_right" ], "topic": "h2_qf_tag" }, { "id": "cs_frame_juede", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask for an opinion", "description": "Ask what the speaker thinks. Opinions take longer to give than facts, so they buy more listening.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 你觉得怎么样？ after the speaker describes something", "Asks what was most memorable with 你觉得最难忘的是什么？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Describe a trip you took. Does the learner ask what you thought of it?", "lines": [ "f_opinion", "f_proudest" ], "topic": "h3_qf_juede" }, { "id": "cs_frame_guo", "move": "life", "name": "Ask about experience", "description": "Ask whether someone has ever done something. Everyone has an answer, which makes it a safe opener with anyone.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks whether the speaker has ever been somewhere or eaten something", "Tells experience apart from a single past event" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Ask the learner to find out whether you have ever been to a certain city. Do they ask about experience rather than about one day?", "lines": [], "topic": "h3_qf_guo" }, { "id": "cs_frame_followup", "move": "chase", "name": "Chase the story", "description": "Follow-up questions that turn a one-line answer into a story: how it turned out, an example, how they learned.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 后来怎么样了？ after the speaker finishes a story", "Asks 比如说呢？ when an answer is too general" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner you used to work somewhere unusual. How many follow-up questions do they ask before changing the subject?", "lines": [ "f_how_turned_out", "f_example", "f_how_learn" ], "topic": "h3_qf_followup" }, { "id": "cs_open_ask_chinese", "move": "open", "name": "Confirm the language", "description": "Open with a question about the language itself. With someone who obviously speaks it, it is playful and almost always earns a smile.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Opens with 您会说中文吗？ to a stranger speaking Chinese", "Continues in Chinese after the answer, with no English" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Pretend to be a stranger on a bench. Does the learner open by asking about the language and then keep going?", "lines": [ "confirm_chinese" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_ask_permission", "move": "open", "name": "Ask to practice", "description": "Say you are learning and ask to talk. It explains every mistake that follows before you make it.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 我在学中文，可以跟您说话吗？ within the first two turns", "Keeps talking in Chinese once the speaker says yes" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner tell a stranger they are learning and ask to talk, in one sentence?", "lines": [ "confirm_learning" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_invite_correction", "move": "open", "name": "Invite correction", "description": "Ask the speaker to correct you. It turns a polite stranger into a teacher who tells you when you are wrong.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 如果我说错了，请告诉我。 early in a conversation", "Thanks the speaker when they do correct a mistake" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Once the conversation is going, does the learner invite you to correct them?", "lines": [ "r_stand_invite" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_comment_food", "move": "open", "name": "Comment on food", "description": "Say what you notice about the food in front of you. A comment on the real moment beats any memorized greeting.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Opens with 这个真好吃！ while eating or at a stall", "Follows the comment with a question within one turn" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Put food in front of the learner. Do they comment on it, then ask something?", "lines": [ "comment_food" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_comment_scene", "move": "open", "name": "Comment on the scene", "description": "Say what you notice about the weather or the street. Nothing clever, just the thing you both can see.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Opens with a comment on the weather or the place", "Uses the comment to start a conversation, without asking for anything" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Stand somewhere outside with the learner. Do they open with a comment on what is around you?", "lines": [ "comment_weather", "comment_place" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_compliment", "move": "open", "name": "Compliment what they are doing", "description": "Comment on exactly what the person is doing, such as the characters they are writing.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 您写的字真漂亮！ about someone writing", "Picks the thing the person is doing over a generic greeting" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Do something with your hands in front of the learner. Do they comment on it?", "lines": [ "comment_compliment" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_open_greet_regular", "move": "open", "name": "Greet someone you have met before", "description": "Pick up with a familiar face: ask how they have been, or whether they live nearby.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 最近怎么样？ to someone they have talked to before", "Asks 你是不是也住在这儿？ to a regular they see often" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Meet the learner a second time. Do they greet you as someone they know?", "lines": [ "q_how_lately", "q_here_ana" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_this_that", "move": "point", "name": "Point with this and that", "description": "Refer to a thing you have no word for with 这个 or 那个 and a look. The entire capital requirement of the method.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 你看那个！ to draw attention to an object", "Refers to a thing with 这个 without knowing its name" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Put an object the learner cannot name between you. Do they refer to it in Chinese without its name?", "lines": [ "pt_look_at_that", "pt_this_thing_here", "pt_something_over_there" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_location", "move": "point", "name": "Point by location", "description": "Say where the thing is: on the table, in the bag, up above. The location stands in for the missing word.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 桌子上有个东西。 to point at something on a table", "Uses 上面 or 里 to place a thing they cannot name" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Hide an object in a bag. Can the learner tell you there is something in it?", "lines": [ "pt_something_on_table", "pt_something_in_bag", "pt_moving_up_there" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_senses", "move": "point", "name": "Point with the senses", "description": "Refer to a smell, a sound, a taste or a texture you cannot name. Some things cannot be pointed at with a finger.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 我闻到一个味道。 about a smell they cannot name", "Says 我听到一个声音。 about a sound" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Play a sound the learner cannot name. Do they tell you they hear something?", "lines": [ "pt_smell_something", "pt_hear_a_sound", "pt_taste_something", "pt_touch_something" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_feel", "move": "point", "name": "Invite them to feel it", "description": "Hand the thing over and say how it feels: soft, hot, heavy. The other person now describes it with you.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 你摸摸 and describes how the thing feels", "Hands the object over instead of describing it at length" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner something soft or heavy. Do they hand it to you and say how it feels?", "lines": [ "pt_feels_soft", "pt_feels_hot", "pt_feels_heavy" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_motion", "move": "point", "name": "Point at something moving", "description": "Point at a thing by what it is doing: spinning, glowing, falling, getting louder.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，那个东西在转。 about something moving", "Uses 在 to describe what an unnamed thing is doing" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner something spinning or glowing. Can they draw your attention to it?", "lines": [ "pt_spinning", "pt_something_shiny", "pt_something_dropped", "pt_getting_closer", "pt_that_sound_again" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_person_object", "move": "point", "name": "Point at what someone has", "description": "Point at a thing by the person holding, wearing or building it.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，那个人手里拿着一个东西。 about an object in someone’s hand", "Identifies an unnamed object through the person who has it" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Hold something the learner cannot name. Can they point it out through you?", "lines": [ "pt_someone_carrying", "pt_something_wearing", "pt_building_something" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_person_action", "move": "point", "name": "Point at what people are doing", "description": "Point at an action or an expression you have no word for: a strange movement, a queue, a face.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，那个人在做一个很奇怪的动作。 about a movement", "Points at a group activity with 那些人在一起做一件事" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Do an unusual movement. Can the learner point it out and ask about it?", "lines": [ "pt_doing_something", "pt_repeated_gesture", "pt_group_doing", "pt_line_of_people", "pt_face_expression" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_compare", "move": "point", "name": "Point by comparison", "description": "Point at a thing by comparing it with another one, or with how the place used to be.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，这个比那个大。 about two objects", "Says 这儿跟以前不一样了 about a place that changed" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Put two similar objects side by side. Can the learner point at one by comparing it with the other?", "lines": [ "pt_this_bigger", "pt_something_changed", "pt_used_to_be_here" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_detail", "move": "point", "name": "Point at a detail", "description": "Point at a small part, a pattern, a shadow, or a piece that is missing.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，这个图案很特别。 about a pattern", "Points at a small or missing part of a larger thing" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a patterned cloth. Can they point at the pattern?", "lines": [ "pt_something_small", "pt_pattern_design", "pt_missing_piece", "pt_shadow", "pt_so_many_things" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_point_writing", "move": "point", "name": "Point at writing", "description": "Point at a sign, a number, or a rare character. Writing is everywhere and every piece of it is a question.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 你看，这个字很少见。 about a character they do not know", "Points at a number on a sign" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a sign with a rare character. Do they point it out?", "lines": [ "pt_number_on_sign", "pt_unfamiliar_character" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_called", "move": "name", "name": "Ask what it is called", "description": "Ask the name of the thing in front of you or over there. The core move: it converts a thing into a word.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个叫什么？ about an object without English", "Asks 那个用中文怎么说？ about something at a distance", "Repeats the new word back after hearing it" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Point at an object the learner cannot name. Do they ask what it is called and repeat the answer?", "lines": [ "atn_call", "atn_that_say", "atn_over_there" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_kind", "move": "name", "name": "Ask which kind", "description": "Ask which kind of thing it is. 树 is the name, and the kind is the next word down.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 那是什么树？ after learning the general name", "Asks 这种花叫什么名字？ about a specific kind" ], "assessmentPrompt": "After telling the learner a general name, does the learner ask which kind it is?", "lines": [ "q_what_kind", "atn_flower_name", "atn_tree_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_word_above", "move": "name", "name": "Ask the word above", "description": "Ask what a lot of them together is called. One object becomes a word family.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 很多树在一起叫什么？ after learning 树", "Builds a group word from a single item word" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Teach the learner the word for one thing. Do they ask what many of them together are called?", "lines": [ "q_many_together" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_part_inside", "move": "name", "name": "Ask the part inside", "description": "Ask what one part of the thing is called, or what is inside it.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个部分叫什么？ while pointing at a part", "Asks 里面有什么？ about a dish or a container" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner an object with obvious parts. Do they ask the name of one part?", "lines": [ "q_this_part", "q_inside_what" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_food", "move": "name", "name": "Name food and drink", "description": "Ask the name of a dish, a seasoning, an ingredient or a tea.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 这道菜叫什么？ at a restaurant", "Asks 这是什么调料？ about a seasoning" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Serve the learner a dish. How many of its names and ingredients do they ask for?", "lines": [ "atn_dish_name", "atn_seasoning", "atn_ingredient", "atn_tea_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_animals", "move": "name", "name": "Name animals", "description": "Ask the name of a bird or a bug. Older speakers often know these and enjoy telling.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 那只鸟叫什么名字？ about a bird in view", "Uses the right measure word for the animal" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Point at a bird. Does the learner ask its name?", "lines": [ "atn_bird_name", "atn_insect_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_objects", "move": "name", "name": "Name objects", "description": "Ask the name of a tool, a piece of clothing, an instrument, a vehicle, an app or a brand.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个工具叫什么？ about a tool", "Asks 这是什么牌子？ about a product" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Hand the learner an unfamiliar tool. Do they ask what it is called?", "lines": [ "atn_tool_name", "atn_clothing_name", "atn_instrument_name", "atn_vehicle_name", "atn_app_name", "atn_brand_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_places", "move": "name", "name": "Name places", "description": "Ask the name of a place, a street or a building.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 这条街叫什么名字？ on a street", "Asks 这个地方叫什么名字？ about where they are" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Walk the learner past a landmark. Do they ask its name?", "lines": [ "atn_place_name", "atn_street_name", "atn_building_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_culture", "move": "name", "name": "Name songs, games and festivals", "description": "Ask the name of a song, a game, a dance, a sport or a festival. Each one comes with a story.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 这首歌叫什么名字？ about music playing", "Asks 你们跳的是什么舞？ to a group dancing" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Play a song. Does the learner ask what it is called?", "lines": [ "atn_song_name", "atn_game_name", "atn_dance_name", "atn_sport_name", "atn_festival_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_qualities", "move": "name", "name": "Name colors, shapes and sounds", "description": "Ask the word for a color, a shape, a pattern, a kind of weather or a sound.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个颜色叫什么？ about an unusual color", "Asks 这个声音怎么形容？ about a sound" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner an unusual color. Do they ask its name?", "lines": [ "atn_color_name", "atn_shape_name", "atn_pattern_named", "atn_weather_name", "atn_sound_describe" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_how_made", "move": "name", "name": "Ask how it is made", "description": "Ask what a thing is made of and how it was made.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 这是什么材料做的？ about an object", "Asks 这是用什么方法做的？ about food or a craft" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a handmade object. Do they ask what it is made of?", "lines": [ "atn_material", "atn_cooking_method" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_actions_jobs", "move": "name", "name": "Name actions and jobs", "description": "Ask the word for a movement someone is making, or for the job they are doing.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个动作叫什么？ about a movement", "Asks 这个工作叫什么？ about someone at work" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Do a movement. Does the learner ask what it is called?", "lines": [ "atn_move_name", "atn_job_title" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_people", "move": "name", "name": "Name people and relatives", "description": "Ask who someone is and what relation they are to the speaker.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 他是您的什么亲戚？ about someone the speaker mentions", "Asks who is in a photo" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention a relative. Does the learner ask what relation they are?", "lines": [ "q_who_photo", "atn_kin_term" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_meaning", "move": "name", "name": "Ask what a name means", "description": "Ask what a name means. Names in Chinese carry meaning, and the answer teaches a character.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个名字是什么意思？ after hearing a name", "Picks up the character the answer explains" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner the name of a bird. Do they ask what the name means?", "lines": [ "atn_meaning_of_name" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_read_char", "move": "name", "name": "Ask how a character is read", "description": "Point at a written character and ask how it is pronounced.", "hsk": 5, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个字怎么念？ while pointing at writing", "Reads the character back with the tone they heard" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a character they do not know. Do they ask how to read it?", "lines": [ "atn_read_char" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_name_measure", "move": "name", "name": "Ask the measure word", "description": "Ask which measure word goes with a noun, or what unit it is sold by.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个用什么量词？ after learning a new noun", "Asks 这个是按什么单位卖的？ at a market" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Teach the learner a new noun. Do they ask its measure word?", "lines": [ "atn_measure_word", "atn_unit_sale" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_hometown", "move": "life", "name": "Ask where they grew up", "description": "Ask where the person grew up or where their hometown is. Older speakers have decades of story behind the answer.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 您是在哪儿长大的？ to an older speaker", "Asks 您老家是哪里的？ with the polite 您" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner ask an older stranger where they grew up, using 您?", "lines": [ "q_hometown", "q_laojia" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_where_live", "move": "life", "name": "Ask where they live", "description": "Ask where someone lives now. The answer leads to how long, and to the neighborhood.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你现在住在哪儿？", "Follows the answer with a question about the place" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner you live nearby. Do they ask where?", "lines": [ "q_live_where" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_family", "move": "life", "name": "Ask about family", "description": "Ask about the family: how many people, children, grandchildren.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 您家里有几个人？", "Asks 您有孙子孙女吗？ to an older speaker" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner ask an older speaker about their grandchildren?", "lines": [ "q_family_size", "q_children", "q_grandkids" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_work", "move": "life", "name": "Ask about their work", "description": "Ask what the person did for work. A whole career is one question away.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 您以前做什么工作？ to a retired speaker", "Follows the answer with at least one more question about the work" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner ask what you used to do for work?", "lines": [ "q_work" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_likes", "move": "life", "name": "Ask what they like", "description": "Ask what the person likes to do, or whether they like the thing in front of you.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你喜欢做什么？", "Asks 您喜欢这个吗？ about the thing you just commented on" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner turn a comment about an object into a question about what you like?", "lines": [ "q_do_what", "comment_like_this" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_choice", "move": "life", "name": "Offer them a choice", "description": "Ask an easy either-or question about the person. Nobody can answer it wrong.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 你喝茶还是咖啡？", "Uses the choice to start talking, without quizzing the speaker" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Does the learner ask you to choose between two things?", "lines": [ "q_tea_or" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_favorite", "move": "life", "name": "Ask which kind they like best", "description": "Once you have a few kinds of a thing, ask which one the person likes best. The object becomes about them.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你最喜欢哪一种？ after learning several kinds", "Uses the answer to ask a further question about the person" ], "assessmentPrompt": "After naming two or three kinds of something, does the learner ask which one you like best?", "lines": [ "q_which_kind_best" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_life_hometown_bridge", "move": "life", "name": "Bridge to their hometown", "description": "Ask whether the thing exists in their hometown too, or what is good to eat there. The object becomes a story about home.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你老家也有吗？ about the thing you just named", "Asks 您家乡什么东西最好吃？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "After talking about a tree or a dish, does the learner connect it to your hometown?", "lines": [ "q_hometown_too", "q_best_food_home", "f_food_from_there" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_got_it", "move": "receipt", "name": "Say that you understood", "description": "Tell the speaker it landed. A learner who says nothing while processing looks lost.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 明白了。 after an explanation", "Says 我懂你的意思。 instead of staying silent" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Explain something to the learner. Do they tell you it landed?", "lines": [ "rcpt_got_it", "rcpt_i_get_it", "rcpt_understand_meaning" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_oh_i_see", "move": "receipt", "name": "Say oh, I see", "description": "Mark the moment something new makes sense.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 原来如此。 when an explanation clicks", "Says 难怪！ when a fact explains something they noticed" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Explain why something is the way it is. Does the learner react as it clicks?", "lines": [ "rcpt_i_see", "rcpt_makes_sense", "rcpt_no_wonder", "rcpt_is_that_so" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_really", "move": "receipt", "name": "React with surprise", "description": "React to a surprising answer. Amazement begs for the rest of the story.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 真的吗？ or 真的假的！ at a surprising fact", "Says 我还真不知道。 about something new" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner a surprising fact. Do they react in Chinese?", "lines": [ "f_really", "rcpt_no_way", "rcpt_oh_my", "rcpt_playful_disbelief", "rcpt_oh_i_didnt_know", "rcpt_more_complex" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_admire", "move": "receipt", "name": "Admire what they did", "description": "Admire a skill or a choice the speaker describes. People keep talking to someone impressed by them.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 太厉害了！ about a skill", "Says 真是练出来的。 about something that took years" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Describe something you are good at. Does the learner admire it?", "lines": [ "rcpt_impressive", "rcpt_thats_something", "rcpt_brave", "rcpt_smart", "rcpt_admire_patience", "rcpt_years_of_practice" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_sympathy", "move": "receipt", "name": "Show sympathy", "description": "React to a hard part of the story. It shows you followed more than the words.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 真辛苦。 about hard work", "Says 那就好。 when a hard story ends well" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner about a hard time. Do they respond with sympathy?", "lines": [ "rcpt_poor_thing", "rcpt_must_be_hard", "rcpt_pity_missed", "rcpt_relief" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_agree", "move": "receipt", "name": "Agree", "description": "Agree with what the speaker said, or say it is the same for you.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 有道理。 to an opinion", "Says 我也是。 when it is true for them too" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner an opinion. Do they agree out loud?", "lines": [ "rcpt_makes_sense_reason", "rcpt_well_said", "rcpt_quiet_agree", "rcpt_can_relate" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_enjoy", "move": "receipt", "name": "Enjoy the story", "description": "Say the story is interesting, funny, a coincidence, or that it made you hungry.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Says 真有意思。 during a story", "Says 听你这么一说，我都饿了。 after a description of food" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner about a dish from your hometown. Do they react with enjoyment?", "lines": [ "rcpt_interesting", "rcpt_funny", "rcpt_thats_great", "rcpt_what_a_coincidence", "rcpt_mouth_watering" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_personal", "move": "receipt", "name": "Share how it made you feel", "description": "Say how the story touched you. It turns an interview into a conversation between two people.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 我很感动。 after a moving story", "Says 让我也想起小时候了。 about a childhood memory" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner about your childhood. Do they say how it made them feel?", "lines": [ "rcpt_touched", "rcpt_envy", "rcpt_nostalgia" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_receipt_keep_going", "move": "receipt", "name": "Ask them to go on", "description": "Tell the speaker to keep going and thank them for telling you.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Says 接着说，我在听。 when the speaker pauses", "Says 谢谢你告诉我。 at the end of a story" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Pause in the middle of a story. Does the learner ask you to go on?", "lines": [ "rcpt_keep_going", "rcpt_gratitude_told" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_meaning", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask what it means", "description": "Ask what a word or a whole answer means, in Chinese, and let the speaker explain it in other words.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 什么意思？ about one word they missed", "Follows the explanation the speaker gives in Chinese" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a word the learner does not know. Do they ask what it means and follow the explanation?", "lines": [ "r_what_mean", "r_is_this_meaning" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_isolate", "move": "repair", "name": "Isolate the word you missed", "description": "Ask for just the last word, or just the part you missed. A repair must produce something, never just rewind the tape.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你刚才说的最后一个词是什么？ after a long answer", "Asks for one part of an answer instead of the whole thing again" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner a long answer with one new word at the end. Do they pull out that word?", "lines": [ "r_last_word", "r_slow_this_part", "r_one_word" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_write", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask them to write it", "description": "Ask the speaker to write the word, type it, or give its pinyin. Writing pins down a word you heard once.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 可以写一下吗？ for a new word", "Asks 拼音怎么写？ when they cannot read the character" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Say a new word. Does the learner ask you to write it?", "lines": [ "r_write_down", "r_type_it", "r_spell_pinyin", "r_digits" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_tone", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask the tone", "description": "Ask which tone a syllable is, or how a character is read in this sentence.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 是第几声？ about a new word", "Asks 这个字在这句话里怎么念？ about a character with more than one reading" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Say a new word. Does the learner ask its tone?", "lines": [ "r_tone", "r_polyphonic_reading" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_which_char", "move": "repair", "name": "Check which character", "description": "Check that a written character is the one the speaker said, or ask which characters are in a name.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 你说的是这个字吗？ while pointing at writing", "Asks 您的名字是哪几个字？ after an introduction" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner your name. Do they ask which characters it is written with?", "lines": [ "r_confirm_char", "r_name_chars" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_own_output", "move": "repair", "name": "Check your own output", "description": "Ask whether you said or wrote it right. It invites a correction you can use.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 我说得对不对？ after saying a new word", "Asks 我这样写，对不对？ after writing it" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Have the learner say a new word back. Do they ask you whether it was right?", "lines": [ "r_did_i_say_right", "r_check_my_writing" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_check_understanding", "move": "repair", "name": "Check your understanding", "description": "Restate what you think the speaker meant and ask if that is right.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Says 我这样理解，对吗？ after restating an answer", "Restates in simpler words before asking" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Explain a word. Does the learner restate it and check?", "lines": [ "r_check_understood", "r_is_this_meaning" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_narrow", "move": "repair", "name": "Narrow it down", "description": "Offer two readings, or ask for a plain yes or no, when you half understood.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 你是说这个，还是那个？ with two options", "Asks 简单说，是还是不是？ when an answer is too long" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner an ambiguous answer. Do they narrow it down?", "lines": [ "r_offer_two", "r_yes_or_no" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_simpler", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask for simpler words", "description": "Ask for a simpler way to say it or a different word. The speaker explains in words you have.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 有没有更简单的说法？ after an unknown word", "Asks 换个词说，可以吗？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a hard word. Does the learner ask for an easier way to say it?", "lines": [ "r_simpler", "r_another_word" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_show", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask them to show it", "description": "Ask the speaker to point at it or act it out, or offer to answer by nodding.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 能指给我看吗？ about a thing mentioned", "Asks 可以比划一下吗？ about an action" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention an object in the room by name. Does the learner ask you to point at it?", "lines": [ "r_show_me", "r_gesture", "r_nod_shake" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_example", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask for an example", "description": "Ask for an example or for something similar. A word you can place next to another is a word you keep.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 能举个例子吗？ about a new word", "Asks 这个跟什么差不多？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Teach the learner an abstract word. Do they ask for an example?", "lines": [ "r_example", "r_similar_to" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_gist", "move": "repair", "name": "Ask for the main point", "description": "Ask what the main point is, ask for a full sentence, or check whether the speaker has finished.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 重点是什么？ after a long answer", "Asks 你说完了吗？ before replying" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner a long, winding answer. Do they ask for the main point?", "lines": [ "r_gist", "r_full_sentence", "r_finished_talking" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_repair_word_shape", "move": "repair", "name": "Check the shape of a word", "description": "Ask whether two characters are one word or two, or whether a phrase is fixed.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 这两个字是一个词，还是两个词？", "Asks 这是固定说法吗？ about a phrase" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a set phrase. Does the learner ask whether it is a fixed expression?", "lines": [ "r_word_or_two", "r_set_phrase" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_then", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask what happened next", "description": "Ask what happened next. Move 5 is the multiplier: it buys a story instead of a word.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 后来呢？ when the speaker pauses", "Asks 那他后来呢？ about a person in the story" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Stop a story halfway. Does the learner ask what happened next?", "lines": [ "f_then", "f_and_then2", "f_how_turned_out", "f_what_about_him" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_why", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask why", "description": "Ask for the reason behind a fact. The reason is usually a story.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 为什么？ after a surprising choice", "Lets the speaker finish the reason before asking again" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner something you did that seems odd. Do they ask why?", "lines": [ "f_why" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_opinion", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask what they think", "description": "Ask for the speaker’s view, or the part they remember most.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 你觉得怎么样？", "Asks 你觉得最难忘的是什么？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner about an event. Do they ask what you thought of it?", "lines": [ "f_opinion", "f_proudest" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_back_then", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask about back then", "description": "Ask what it was like back then and how it compares to now. Older speakers light up here.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 那个时候是什么样子？", "Asks 跟以前比，现在怎么样？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention how a place used to be. Does the learner ask what it was like?", "lines": [ "f_back_then", "f_still_now", "f_still_remember", "f_compare_now" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_details", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask for details", "description": "Ask when, where exactly, how many, which one, or what exactly happened.", "hsk": 1, "evidence": [ "Asks 具体是怎么回事？ about an event", "Asks 什么时候？ or 具体在哪儿？ to pin down a detail" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner something happened to you once. Do they ask for the details?", "lines": [ "f_what_happened_exactly", "f_when", "f_where_exactly", "f_how_many", "f_which_one" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_who", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask who that was", "description": "Ask about a person who appears in the story.", "hsk": 5, "evidence": [ "Asks 哎，那是谁？ when a new person is mentioned", "Follows that person through the rest of the story" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Mention a person by name in a story. Does the learner ask who that is?", "lines": [ "f_who_is" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_more", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask for more", "description": "Ask the speaker to say more, give an example, or name other things like it.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 能多讲一点吗？ after a short answer", "Asks 还有别的吗？ after a list" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Give the learner a one-line answer. Do they ask for more?", "lines": [ "f_tell_more", "f_more_else", "f_example" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_feelings", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask how it felt", "description": "Ask whether it was hard, whether they miss home, whether they regret it, whether others feel the same.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 难吗？ about something the speaker learned", "Asks 您想家吗？ to someone far from home" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Tell the learner you moved far from home. Do they ask how it felt?", "lines": [ "f_hard", "f_miss_home", "f_regret", "f_anyone_else" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_chase_learn", "move": "chase", "name": "Ask them to teach you", "description": "Ask how they learned it, ask them to teach you, or ask for advice. The speaker becomes the teacher.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 您是怎么学的？ about a skill", "Asks 您能教教我吗？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Show the learner a skill. Do they ask how you learned it and whether you could teach them?", "lines": [ "f_how_learn", "f_teach_me", "f_advice" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_difference", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask the difference between two words", "description": "Ask how two words you already know differ. Past HSK 3 the gaps are distinctions between words you already have.", "hsk": 3, "evidence": [ "Asks 这两个词有什么区别？ about two near synonyms", "Restates the difference and checks it" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use two similar words. Does the learner ask how they differ?", "lines": [ "m_difference" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_register", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask written or spoken", "description": "Ask whether a word is formal, or written rather than spoken.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 这是书面语还是口语？ about a word", "Asks 这个说法正式吗？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a formal word. Does the learner ask whether it is written or spoken?", "lines": [ "m_register", "m_formal" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_spoken", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask how people say it out loud", "description": "Ask what people usually say in speech.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 口语里一般怎么说？ about a written word", "Uses the spoken form in the next turn" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a bookish word. Does the learner ask what people actually say?", "lines": [ "m_spoken" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_who_says", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask who says it", "description": "Ask whether young people say it too.", "hsk": 5, "evidence": [ "Asks 年轻人也这么说吗？ about an expression", "Asks what young people say instead when the answer is no" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use an old-fashioned saying. Does the learner ask whether young people say it?", "lines": [ "m_young" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_politeness", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask whether it is polite", "description": "Ask whether saying it that way would be rude, and to whom.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 这么说会不会不礼貌？", "Asks about the person it would be rude to" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Teach the learner a blunt phrase. Do they ask whether it is polite?", "lines": [ "m_rude", "r_is_it_rude" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_natural", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask for the natural way", "description": "Ask whether there is a more natural way to say it.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 有更地道的说法吗？ after saying something correct but stiff", "Says the natural version back" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Let the learner say something stiff but correct. Do they ask for a more natural way?", "lines": [ "m_natural" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_saying", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask what a saying means", "description": "Ask what an expression means, and whether the meaning is literal.", "hsk": 6, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个说法是什么意思？ about a saying", "Asks 这是字面意思吗？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use an idiom. Does the learner ask what it means, and whether it is literal?", "lines": [ "m_saying_means", "r_literal_or_figurative" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_char_why", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask why a character is written that way", "description": "Ask why a character is written the way it is. The answer is a family of characters.", "hsk": 5, "evidence": [ "Asks 这个字为什么这么写？ about a character", "Asks for other characters with the same part" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Write a character for the learner. Do they ask why it is written that way?", "lines": [ "m_why_written" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_intent", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask what they meant", "description": "Ask whether the speaker was joking or serious, or whether it is the general case.", "hsk": 2, "evidence": [ "Asks 你是开玩笑，还是认真的？", "Asks 这是一般情况，还是特殊情况？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Say something that could be a joke. Does the learner ask which it was?", "lines": [ "r_joking_or_serious", "r_general_or_exception" ], "topic": null }, { "id": "cs_meta_dialect", "move": "meta", "name": "Ask about dialect", "description": "Ask whether the speaker is using Standard Mandarin or a dialect, and which one.", "hsk": 4, "evidence": [ "Asks 您说的是普通话还是方言？", "Asks 这是什么方言？" ], "assessmentPrompt": "Use a dialect word. Does the learner ask about it?", "lines": [ "r_dialect_check", "atn_dialect_name" ], "topic": null } ], "dependencies": [ { "skill": "cs_frame_ne", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_weishenme", "requires": "cs_frame_shenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_weishenme", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_duojiu", "requires": "cs_frame_jiduoshao", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_duojiu", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_tag", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_tag", "requires": "cs_frame_a_not_a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_tag", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_juede", "requires": "cs_frame_zenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_guo", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_frame_followup", "requires": "cs_frame_zenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Prerequisite in the course graph" }, { "skill": "cs_open_ask_chinese", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 吗 question" }, { "skill": "cs_open_ask_permission", "requires": "cs_open_ask_chinese", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Usually said after the language is confirmed" }, { "skill": "cs_open_ask_permission", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 吗 question" }, { "skill": "cs_open_invite_correction", "requires": "cs_open_ask_permission", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comes once the speaker has agreed to talk" }, { "skill": "cs_open_compliment", "requires": "cs_open_comment_scene", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Same move, aimed at the person instead of the place" }, { "skill": "cs_open_comment_food", "requires": "cs_open_comment_scene", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Same move, aimed at the food" }, { "skill": "cs_open_greet_regular", "requires": "cs_frame_zenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The greeting uses 怎么样" }, { "skill": "cs_open_greet_regular", "requires": "cs_frame_a_not_a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The question uses 是不是" }, { "skill": "cs_point_location", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_senses", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_motion", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_person_object", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_person_action", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_compare", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_detail", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_writing", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Builds on referring to a thing with this and that" }, { "skill": "cs_point_feel", "requires": "cs_point_senses", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Shares the senses with the other person" }, { "skill": "cs_name_called", "requires": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Extends 这是什么？ to any thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_called", "requires": "cs_frame_shenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 什么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_name_called", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You name what you point at" }, { "skill": "cs_name_kind", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The kind is the next word down from the name" }, { "skill": "cs_name_word_above", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The word above needs a name to stand on" }, { "skill": "cs_name_part_inside", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The part needs a name for the whole" }, { "skill": "cs_name_part_inside", "requires": "cs_point_detail", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pointing at a detail picks the part" }, { "skill": "cs_name_food", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_animals", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_objects", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_places", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_culture", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_qualities", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_how_made", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_actions_jobs", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same move, applied to one kind of thing" }, { "skill": "cs_name_food", "requires": "cs_name_part_inside", "strength": "soft", "reason": "A dish is named, then what is inside it" }, { "skill": "cs_name_people", "requires": "cs_frame_shei", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 谁 question" }, { "skill": "cs_name_meaning", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You need a name before you ask what it means" }, { "skill": "cs_name_meaning", "requires": "cs_repair_meaning", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Same question, aimed at a name" }, { "skill": "cs_name_read_char", "requires": "cs_point_writing", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You point at the character first" }, { "skill": "cs_name_read_char", "requires": "cs_frame_zenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 怎么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_name_measure", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You need the noun before its measure word" }, { "skill": "cs_life_hometown", "requires": "cs_frame_nar", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 哪儿 question" }, { "skill": "cs_life_where_live", "requires": "cs_frame_nar", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 哪儿 question" }, { "skill": "cs_life_family", "requires": "cs_frame_jiduoshao", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Uses 几 for the family size" }, { "skill": "cs_life_family", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Asks about children with 吗" }, { "skill": "cs_life_work", "requires": "cs_frame_shenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 什么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_life_likes", "requires": "cs_frame_shenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 什么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_life_choice", "requires": "cs_frame_haishi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 还是 question" }, { "skill": "cs_life_favorite", "requires": "cs_name_called", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You need a few names before asking which is best" }, { "skill": "cs_life_hometown_bridge", "requires": "cs_life_favorite", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comes after the object has become about the person" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_got_it", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A receipt keeps the speaker going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_oh_i_see", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A receipt keeps the speaker going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_really", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A receipt keeps the speaker going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_agree", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A receipt keeps the speaker going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_keep_going", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "A receipt keeps the speaker going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_got_it", "requires": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "strength": "soft", "reason": "听懂了！ is in the survival kit" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_admire", "requires": "cs_receipt_really", "strength": "soft", "reason": "A stronger reaction than surprise" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_enjoy", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Enjoyment is fuel that keeps the story going" }, { "skill": "cs_receipt_personal", "requires": "cs_receipt_enjoy", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Moves from the story to your own feeling" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_meaning", "requires": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "strength": "hard", "reason": "什么意思？ is in the survival kit" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_isolate", "requires": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Narrows 什么意思？ down to one word" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_isolate", "requires": "cs_frame_shenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 什么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_write", "requires": "cs_frame_survival_kit", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Pins down a word the survival kit just got you" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_tone", "requires": "cs_repair_write", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asked about a word you are trying to keep" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_which_char", "requires": "cs_repair_write", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You check a character once it is written" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_own_output", "requires": "cs_frame_a_not_a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is an A-not-A question" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_check_understanding", "requires": "cs_frame_tag", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Restate, then tag it with a check" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_check_understanding", "requires": "cs_repair_meaning", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Comes after the explanation you asked for" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_narrow", "requires": "cs_frame_haishi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 还是 question" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_simpler", "requires": "cs_frame_a_not_a", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The question uses 有没有" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_simpler", "requires": "cs_repair_meaning", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The next step when the meaning still did not land" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_show", "requires": "cs_point_this_that", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asks the speaker to do the pointing" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_example", "requires": "cs_repair_meaning", "strength": "soft", "reason": "An example is a second way to get the meaning" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_gist", "requires": "cs_repair_isolate", "strength": "soft", "reason": "The opposite cut: the whole point instead of one word" }, { "skill": "cs_repair_word_shape", "requires": "cs_repair_write", "strength": "hard", "reason": "You see the characters before asking how they group" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_then", "requires": "cs_frame_keep_talking", "strength": "hard", "reason": "后来呢？ is in the keep-talking kit" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_why", "requires": "cs_frame_weishenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is 为什么" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_opinion", "requires": "cs_frame_zenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The question uses 怎么样" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_back_then", "requires": "cs_chase_then", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Moves the story from what happened to how it was" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_details", "requires": "cs_chase_then", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Pins down a story once it is moving" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_details", "requires": "cs_frame_jiduoshao", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The question uses 多少" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_details", "requires": "cs_frame_nar", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The question uses 哪儿" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_who", "requires": "cs_frame_shei", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 谁 question" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_more", "requires": "cs_chase_then", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Asks for more of a story already moving" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_feelings", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The lines are 吗 questions" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_feelings", "requires": "cs_chase_then", "strength": "soft", "reason": "You ask how it felt once you know what happened" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_learn", "requires": "cs_frame_followup", "strength": "hard", "reason": "您是怎么学的？ is a chase-the-story line" }, { "skill": "cs_chase_learn", "requires": "cs_receipt_admire", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Admiring the skill first makes the ask natural" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_difference", "requires": "cs_repair_example", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Examples are how the difference gets explained" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_difference", "requires": "cs_repair_check_understanding", "strength": "soft", "reason": "You check the difference by restating it" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_register", "requires": "cs_frame_haishi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 还是 question" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_spoken", "requires": "cs_meta_register", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Once a word is written, ask what is spoken" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_who_says", "requires": "cs_frame_ma", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 吗 question" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_who_says", "requires": "cs_meta_spoken", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Narrows spoken use to who says it" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_politeness", "requires": "cs_meta_register", "strength": "soft", "reason": "Formality and politeness are asked together" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_natural", "requires": "cs_repair_simpler", "strength": "hard", "reason": "Same ask, aimed at sounding natural instead of simple" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_saying", "requires": "cs_repair_meaning", "strength": "hard", "reason": "什么意思 applied to a whole expression" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_char_why", "requires": "cs_frame_weishenme", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 为什么 question" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_char_why", "requires": "cs_repair_write", "strength": "soft", "reason": "You see the character before asking about it" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_intent", "requires": "cs_frame_haishi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The lines are 还是 questions" }, { "skill": "cs_meta_dialect", "requires": "cs_frame_haishi", "strength": "hard", "reason": "The line is a 还是 question" } ] }