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的

de

Old HSK 1 HSK 3.0 character level 1 Character

的 (de) means "of; ~'s (possessive particle)". It is an HSK 3.0 level 1 word, and was HSK 1 in the old six-level list.

What 的 means

  1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)
  2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)
  3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
  4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in {皮革的|pí gé de} "one made of leather" or {跑堂儿的|pǎo táng r de} "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or {新的|xīn de} "new one")
  5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs

How 的 is used in grammar

的 is a grammar word. Each link goes to its own section: what it does in that pattern, the structure, three example sentences with pinyin, and the mistake to avoid.

The official HSK 3.0 grammar outline lists it at level 1, particles (结构助词); level 2, particles (语气助词).

Other readings

的 is 多音字 — it is read more than one way, and the reading changes the meaning.

Example sentences

Words starting with 的

Words containing 的

Characters that look like 的

Easy to confuse on sight. Compare them side by side once and the pair stops costing you.

Sounds the same

Read de, tone for tone, but written differently.

Where 的 is taught

In the GraphChinese course it is part of Function Words and Adverbs (HSK 1), HSK 1 Characters · Set 1 (HSK 1), HSK 0 foundations: characters & pinyin mastered (HSK 1), each one a topic in the dependency graph of HSK 1–6 that opens only once its prerequisites are solid.

Go deeper

Looking a word up is not learning it. GraphChinese puts all of HSK 1–6 into one dependency graph, teaches each piece only once its prerequisites are solid, and schedules reviews to land just before you would forget.

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