Scope adverbs: 共/全/光/仅/至少
| 副词 | 意思 | 用法要点 | |------|------|----------| | 共 gòng | altogether | 共 + 数量: 共有30人 | | 全 quán | all, entirely | 全 + V/Adj: 全家人都来了 | | 光 guāng | only/nothing but | 含批评含义: 光说不做 | | 仅 jǐn | merely, only | 书面语: 仅有三个人 | |…
这五个副词都限定动作或数量的范围。
| 副词 | 意思 | 用法要点 |
|------|------|----------|
| 共 gòng | altogether | 共 + 数量: 共有30人 |
| 全 quán | all, entirely | 全 + V/Adj: 全家人都来了 |
| 光 guāng | only/nothing but | 含批评含义: 光说不做 |
| 仅 jǐn | merely, only | 书面语: 仅有三个人 |
| 至少 zhì shǎo | at least | 设定下限: 至少要三天 |
位置: 副词直接放在动词或数量词前面。
✅ 我们共花了两个小时。
✅ 光吃不干活是不行的。
Worked examples
| Chinese | Pinyin | English | What it shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| 这次活动共有两百人参加，比上次多了一倍。 | Zhè cì huó dòng gòng yǒu liǎng bǎi rén cān jiā, bǐ shàng cì duō le yī bèi. | A total of 200 people participated in this event — twice as many as last time. | 共 (altogether/in total) summarizes a final count; position: before the verb 有 + number |
| 他光玩手机，什么作业都不做，妈妈很生气。 | Tā guāng wán shǒu jī, shén me zuò yè dōu bù zuò, māma hěn shēng qì. | He does nothing but play on his phone and doesn't do any homework at all — Mom is very angry. | 光 (only/nothing but) carries a critical/negative tone; implies something important is being neglected |
| 要学好一门外语，至少需要坚持练习三年以上。 | Yào xué hǎo yī mén wài yǔ, zhì shǎo xū yào jiān chí liàn xí sān nián yǐ shàng. | To master a foreign language, you need to practice consistently for at least three years. | 至少 (at least) sets a minimum — position before the number or verb phrase |
What you need first
Every topic in GraphChinese names its own prerequisites, and these are the grammar points this one is built on. If a sentence here will not parse, one of them is why.
What this opens up
These patterns list Scope adverbs among their own prerequisites, so they become readable once this one holds.
The same pattern at other levels
- Scope Adverbs — HSK 1
- Scope Adverbs — HSK 3
Scope adverbs is one topic of 829. GraphChinese teaches them in prerequisite order, so this pattern reaches you on the day everything it rests on is proven. The whole course, HSK 0 through HSK 6, is $49 once for lifetime access.
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