Connective, Manner and Modal Adverbs
关联副词（连接前后分句，表逻辑关系，书面语常用）： - 从而 = 因此、由此产生的结果：提高了技术，从而降低了成本。强调'前因后果'的必然联系。 - 进而 = 在此基础上更进一步：先了解情况，进而提出建议。强调'层层递进'。
方式副词：
- 特意 = 专门、特地（表示为了某个目的而做）：我特意提前来帮你准备。
情态/语气副词（说话人的主观态度）：
- 索性 = 干脆，表示不再犹豫、直接采取更彻底的做法：既然已经错过了，索性再等下一班。
- 反而 = 跟预期相反：吃了药，病情反而更严重了。
- 未免 = 委婉批评'有点太…了'：这个要求未免太高了。
常见错误：'从而'和'进而'不能互换——'从而'指结果，'进而'指下一步动作；'反而'必须有一个预期作对比，不能凭空使用。
Worked examples
| Chinese | Pinyin | English | What it shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| 他每天坚持锻炼，从而保持了良好的身体状态。 | Tā měi tiān jiān chí duàn liàn, cóng ér bǎo chí le liáng hǎo de shēn tǐ zhuàng tài. | He exercises every day, thereby maintaining good physical condition. | 从而 (connective) linking cause (exercising) to inevitable result — the minimal frame. |
| 公司先解决了资金问题，进而着手扩大市场规模。 | Gōng sī xiān jiě jué le zī jīn wèn tí, jìn ér zhuó shǒu kuò dà shì chǎng guī mó. | The company first solved the funding problem, and then went a step further to expand its market scale. | 进而 (connective) shows a next, more advanced step building on the first action — contrasted with 从而's cause-result relation. |
| 他特意提前一小时到机场，没想到航班反而晚点了，他等得有点不耐烦，索性去附近的咖啡厅坐了下来，心想航空公司这样的安排未免太不负责任了。 | Tā tè yì tí qián yī xiǎo shí dào jī chǎng, méi xiǎng dào háng bān fǎn ér wǎn diǎn le, tā děng de yǒu diǎn bù nài fán, suǒ xìng qù fù jìn de kā fēi tīng zuò le xià lái, xīn xiǎng háng kōng gōng sī zhè yàng de ān pái wèi miǎn tài bù fù zé rèn le. | He specially arrived at the airport an hour early, but unexpectedly the flight was delayed instead; getting a bit impatient waiting, he simply went and sat in a nearby café, thinking to himself that the airline's arrangement was rather too irresponsible. | 特意, 反而, 索性, and 未免 combined in one long narrative, showing all four modal/manner adverbs together. |
What you need first
Every topic in GraphChinese names its own prerequisites, and these are the grammar points this one is built on. If a sentence here will not parse, one of them is why.
Connective, Manner and Modal Adverbs is one topic of 829. GraphChinese teaches them in prerequisite order, so this pattern reaches you on the day everything it rests on is proven. The whole course, HSK 0 through HSK 6, is $49 once for lifetime access.
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