Clause Conjunctions: 从而、加上、完了、一旦
从而 (cóng ér) = thus/thereby — connects a preceding method/action to the result it enables: A，从而B (by doing A, thereby achieving B). More formal than 因此, and emphasizes the causal mechanism, not just any result.
加上 (jiā shàng) = in addition/plus — introduces an extra compounding factor that combines with a previously stated one to strengthen a conclusion: A，加上B，(所以)C。
✅ 工作压力大，加上休息不够，身体越来越差。
一旦…就… (yī dàn) = once…then… — marks a triggering point after which a lasting consequence follows.
✅ 一旦错过这个机会，可能就再也没有了。
Worked examples
| Chinese | Pinyin | English | What it shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| 公司引进了新设备，从而提高了生产效率。 | Gōng sī yǐn jìn le xīn shè bèi, cóng ér tí gāo le shēng chǎn xiào lǜ. | The company introduced new equipment, thereby raising production efficiency. | 从而 connects the method (引进新设备) directly to the enabled result (提高效率). |
| 他平时不爱运动，加上饮食不规律，体重不断增加。 | Tā píng shí bù ài yùn dòng, jiā shàng yǐn shí bù guī lǜ, tǐ zhòng bù duàn zēng jiā. | He doesn't like exercising, and on top of that his diet is irregular, so his weight keeps increasing. | 加上 adds a second compounding factor (饮食不规律) to the first (不爱运动), building toward the result. |
| 一旦错过了这个机会，可能就再也没有了。 | Yī dàn cuò guò le zhè ge jī huì, kě néng jiù zài yě méi yǒu le. | Once you miss this opportunity, there may never be another one. | 一旦…就 marks a single triggering point (错过) after which a lasting consequence follows. |
What this opens up
These patterns list Clause Conjunctions among their own prerequisites, so they become readable once this one holds.
Clause Conjunctions is one topic of 829. GraphChinese teaches them in prerequisite order, so this pattern reaches you on the day everything it rests on is proven. The whole course, HSK 0 through HSK 6, is $49 once for lifetime access.
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