New HSK 2 grammar points (HSK 3.0)
The HSK 3.0 standard assigns 78 grammar points to level 2. The standard grades grammar level by level in an official outline, the same way it grades words and characters. This page reproduces the level 2 entries, grouped as the outline groups them, with the category names in English.
The entries are the Chinese words and patterns themselves. For explanations in English with worked examples, use the grammar reference.
Other levels: HSK 1 · HSK 3 · HSK 4 · HSK 5 · HSK 6 · HSK 7-9 · everything on HSK 3.0.
Morphemes 语素
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Suffixes 后缀 | 面 |
Parts of speech 词类
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Nouns 名词 | 方位名词 | 左、右 |
| Verbs 动词 | 动词重叠 | AA、A一A、A了A、ABAB |
| Verbs 动词 | 能愿动词 | 可能 |
| Verbs 动词 | 离合词 | 帮忙、游泳、跳舞、跑步 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 疑问代词 | 为什么 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 人称代词 | 自己 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 指示代词 | 那么、那样、这么、这样、每 |
| Adjectives 形容词 | 形容词重叠 | AA、AABB |
| Numerals 数词 | 万、好多、多 | |
| Measure words 量词 | 名量词 | （1）专用名量词：条、位、间、名 |
| Measure words 量词 | 名量词 | （2）借用名量词：包 |
| Measure words 量词 | 动量词 | 次 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 程度副词 | 多、好、最 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 范围副词 | 一起 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 时间副词 | 还2、已经、有时（候）、快、快要、正 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 频率副词 | 常、经常 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 否定副词 | 别 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 关联副词 | 再2、就1 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 语气副词 | 都2、就2、还是1 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出时间、处所 | 从1 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出方向、路径 | 往 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出方向、路径 | 从2 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出对象 | 给 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出对象 | 比 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出对象 | 跟1 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出原因 | 因为1 |
| Conjunctions 连词 | 连接词或短语 | 跟2 |
| Conjunctions 连词 | 连接分句或者句子 | 但、但是、那、虽然、还是2、因为2、所以 |
| Particles 助词 | 结构助词 | 得、地 |
| Particles 助词 | 动态助词 | 过 |
| Particles 助词 | 动态助词 | 着 |
| Particles 助词 | 语气助词 | 呢4、吧2、的2、啊1 |
Phrases 短语
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| By structure 结构类型 | 基本结构类型 | 动补短语1 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （1）“的”字短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （2）连谓短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （3）兼语短语 |
| By function 功能类型 | 名词性短语 | |
| By function 功能类型 | 动词性短语 | |
| By function 功能类型 | 形容词性短语 | |
| Set phrases 固定短语 | 其他 | 什么的 |
Fixed patterns 固定格式
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| 还是……吧 | ||
| 要/快要/就要……了 | ||
| 都……了 |
Sentence components 句子成分
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Subject 主语 | 受事主语 | |
| Predicate 谓语 | 名词性短语作谓语 | |
| Attributive 定语 | 动词或动词性短语、主谓短语作定语 | |
| Complement 补语 | 结果补语1 | 动词+错/懂/好/会/完 |
| Complement 补语 | 趋向补语1 | 简单趋向补语的趋向意义用法：（1）动词+来/去 |
| Complement 补语 | 趋向补语1 | （2）动词+上/下/进/出/过/回 |
| Complement 补语 | 趋向补语1 | 复合趋向补语的趋向意义用法：动词+出来/出去/过来/过去/回来/回去/进来/进去/起来/上来/上去/下来/下去 |
| Complement 补语 | 状态补语1 | 动词+得+形容词性短语 |
| Complement 补语 | 数量补语2 | （1）表示动作持续的时间 |
| Complement 补语 | 数量补语2 | （2）形容词+数量补语 |
Sentence types 句子的类型
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence patterns 句型 | 单句 | 主谓句4：主谓谓语句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 疑问句 | 用“还是”连接的选择问句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 祈使句 | 用“别”的祈使句 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | “是”字句2 | 表示说明或特征 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | “有”字句2 | 表示达到 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 存现句2 | 处所+动词+着(+数量短语)+名词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 比较句1 | （1）A比B+形容词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 比较句1 | （2）A比B+形容词+数量补语/程度补语 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 比较句1 | （3）A有/没有B（+这么/那么）+形容词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 比较句1 | （4）A比B+动词+得+形容词/A+动词+得+比+B+形容词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | “是……的”句1 | 强调时间、地点、方式、动作者 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 兼语句1 | 表使令：主语+请/叫/让……+宾语1+动词+宾语2 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句式 | 双宾语句2 | 主语+动词+给+宾语1+宾语2 |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 选择复句 | （是）……，还是…… |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 转折复句 | 虽然……，但是…… |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 因果复句 | 因为……，所以…… |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 紧缩复句 | 一……就…… |
Aspect 动作的态
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| 持续态 | 动词+着：（1）表示状态的持续 | |
| 持续态 | （2）表示动作的持续 | |
| 经历态 | 用动态助词“过”表示 |
Special expressions 特殊表达法
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | 序数表示法2：数词+量词 | |
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | 概数表达法1：（1）用“几”表示概数 | |
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | （2）数词+多+量词 | |
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | （3）数词+量词+多 |
Source: the grammar outline of the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards (国际中文教育中文水平等级标准) as this site vendors it. A trailing number in a detail, as in “把”字句1, is the outline's own numbering: the same structure returns at later levels in harder forms.
Frequently asked questions
How many grammar points are in the new HSK 2?
The HSK 3.0 grammar outline assigns 78 grammar points to level 2, in 8 categories. The outline grades grammar level by level in the same way the word list grades vocabulary.
Why is the list in Chinese?
It is the official outline, and its entries are the Chinese words and patterns themselves, such as 会、能 or 一边……一边……. The category names are translated on this page. For each pattern explained in English with examples, see the grammar reference.
Where can I study HSK 2 grammar with examples?
This site's grammar reference explains the HSK 2 points with the pattern, worked examples in pinyin, the earlier points each one is built from, and the later ones it unlocks.
GraphChinese teaches these in dependency order, one topic at a time, and only moves on when each is proven. The whole course, HSK 0 through HSK 6, is $49 once for lifetime access.
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