New HSK 1 grammar points (HSK 3.0)
The HSK 3.0 standard assigns 70 grammar points to level 1. The standard grades grammar level by level in an official outline, the same way it grades words and characters. This page reproduces the level 1 entries, grouped as the outline groups them, with the category names in English.
The entries are the Chinese words and patterns themselves. For explanations in English with worked examples, use the grammar reference.
Other levels: HSK 2 · HSK 3 · HSK 4 · HSK 5 · HSK 6 · HSK 7-9 · everything on HSK 3.0.
Morphemes 语素
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Prefixes 前缀 | 小—、第— | |
| Suffixes 后缀 | —们、—边 |
Parts of speech 词类
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Nouns 名词 | 方位名词 | 上、下、里、外、前、后 |
| Verbs 动词 | 能愿动词 | 会、能 |
| Verbs 动词 | 能愿动词 | 想、要 |
| Verbs 动词 | 能愿动词 | 可以 |
| Verbs 动词 | 离合词 | 看病、睡觉、说话、上课、下课、上班、下班、生病 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 疑问代词 | 多、多少、几、哪、哪儿、哪里、哪些、什么、谁、怎么、怎么样 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 人称代词 | 我、你、您、他、她、我们、你们、他们、她们、它、它们、大家 |
| Pronouns 代词 | 指示代词 | 这、那、这儿、那儿、这里、那里、这些、那些、有的、这个、那个、有些 |
| Numerals 数词 | 一、二/两、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、零、十、百、半、千 | |
| Measure words 量词 | 名量词 | （1）专用名量词：本、个、家、口、块、件、只、元 |
| Measure words 量词 | 名量词 | （2）借用名量词：杯 |
| Measure words 量词 | 时量词 | 日、号、岁、点、分、年、天 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 程度副词 | 非常、很、太、真、有（一）点儿 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 范围副词 | 都1 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 时间副词 | 在、正在 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 频率副词 | 再1 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 关联副词 | 还1、也 |
| Adverbs 副词 | 否定副词 | 不、没（有）、不要 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出时间、处所 | 在 |
| Prepositions 介词 | 引出对象 | 和1、对 |
| Conjunctions 连词 | 连接词语或短语 | 和2 |
| Particles 助词 | 结构助词 | 的1 |
| Particles 助词 | 动态助词 | 了1 |
| Particles 助词 | 语气助词 | 吧1、了2 、吗、呢1、呢2、呢3 |
| Interjections 叹词 | 喂 |
Phrases 短语
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| By structure 结构类型 | 基本结构类型 | （1）联合短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 基本结构类型 | （2）偏正短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 基本结构类型 | （3）动宾短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 基本结构类型 | （4）主谓短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （1）数量短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （2）介宾短语 |
| By structure 结构类型 | 其他结构类型 | （3）方位短语 |
Sentence components 句子成分
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Subject 主语 | 名词、代词或名词性短语作主语 | |
| Predicate 谓语 | 名词、代词、数词或数量短语作谓语 | |
| Predicate 谓语 | 动词或动词性短语、形容词或形容词性短语作谓语 | |
| Object 宾语 | 名词、代词或名词性短语作宾语 | |
| Attributive 定语 | 名词性词语、形容词性短语、数量短语作定语 | |
| Adverbial 状语 | 副词、形容词作状语表示时间、处所的词语作状语 | |
| Complement 补语 | 数量补语1 | 动词+动量补语 |
Sentence types 句子的类型
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Sentence patterns 句型 | 单句 | 主谓句1：动词谓语句 |
| Sentence patterns 句型 | 单句 | 主谓句2：形容词谓语句 |
| Sentence patterns 句型 | 单句 | 主谓句3：名词谓语句 |
| Sentence patterns 句型 | 单句 | 非主谓句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 陈述句 | |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 疑问句 | （1）是非问句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 疑问句 | （2）特指问句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 疑问句 | （3）正反问句 |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 祈使句 | |
| Sentence functions 句类 | 感叹句 | |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | “是”字句1 | 表示等同或类属 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | “有”字句1 | 表示领有 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | 存现句1 | （1）所处+是+名词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | 存现句1 | （2）处所+有+数量短语+名词 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | 连动句1 | （1）前后动作先后发生，后一动作是前一动作的目的 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | 连动句1 | （2）前一动作是后一动作的方式 |
| Special sentence patterns 特殊句型 | 双宾语句1 | 主语+动词+宾语1+宾语2 |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 不用关联词语的复句 | |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 并列复句 | ……，也…… |
| Complex sentences 复句 | 并列复句 | ……，还…… |
Aspect 动作的态
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| 完成态 | 用动态助词“了1”表示 | |
| 变化态 | 用动态助词“了2”表示 | |
| 进行态 | （1）……在/正在+动词 | |
| 进行态 | （2）……在/正在+动词……+呢 | |
| 进行态 | （3）……呢 |
Special expressions 特殊表达法
| Type | Detail | Words and patterns |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | 钱数表示法 | |
| Expressing numbers 数的表达法 | 序数表达法1：第+数词 | |
| Expressing time 时间表示法 | （1）年、月、日、星期表示法 | |
| Expressing time 时间表示法 | （2）钟点表示法 |
Source: the grammar outline of the Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards (国际中文教育中文水平等级标准) as this site vendors it. A trailing number in a detail, as in “把”字句1, is the outline's own numbering: the same structure returns at later levels in harder forms.
Frequently asked questions
How many grammar points are in the new HSK 1?
The HSK 3.0 grammar outline assigns 70 grammar points to level 1, in 7 categories. The outline grades grammar level by level in the same way the word list grades vocabulary.
Why is the list in Chinese?
It is the official outline, and its entries are the Chinese words and patterns themselves, such as 会、能 or 一边……一边……. The category names are translated on this page. For each pattern explained in English with examples, see the grammar reference.
Where can I study HSK 1 grammar with examples?
This site's grammar reference explains the HSK 1 points with the pattern, worked examples in pinyin, the earlier points each one is built from, and the later ones it unlocks.
GraphChinese teaches these in dependency order, one topic at a time, and only moves on when each is proven. The whole course, HSK 0 through HSK 6, is $49 once for lifetime access.
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